TF Bank AB (publ) • Annual Report 2021 • 31
The exception is financial liabilities, which must be valued at fair
value through the profit and loss.
Financial assets are classified, in accordance with IFRS 9, into one
of the following categories:
1. amortised cost
2. fair value through other comprehensive income
3. fair value through profit and loss
Financial liabilities are classified, in accordance with IFRS 9, into
one of the following categories:
1. amortised cost
2. fair value through profit and loss
At the initial recognition, all financial assets and liabilities are
reported at fair value. For assets and liabilities that are classified at
fair value through profit and loss, transaction costs are recognised
directly through profit and loss at the time of acquisition. For other
financial instruments, transaction costs are included in the acquisi-
tion value. The classification of financial instruments into different
categories forms the basis for how each financial instrument is
subsequently valued in the balance sheet and how changes in
its value are reported. Note 5 “Classification of financial assets
and liabilities” shows how TF Bank has categorised its financial
instruments.
Amortised cost
This category includes financial assets that are valued at amortised
cost since the assets are included in a business model with the
purpose to hold the financial assets to collect the contractual cash
flows and that the agreed terms for the assets contributes to cash
flows, that only consist of principal and interest on the remaining
principa,l at certain times. This category includes the bank’s loan
receivables and accounts receivable.
Financial assets and liabilities valued at amortised cost are initially
reported in the balance sheet at fair value, including transaction
costs. After the initial recognition, the instrument in this category is
valued at amortised cost using the effective interest method minus
the provisions for financial assets.
Fair value through other comprehensive income
Financial assets classified as fair value through other comprehen-
sive income are held according to a business model whose objec-
tives can be achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows
and selling financial assets, and the terms at certain times give rise
to cash flows consisting only of principal amounts and interest on
the outstanding principal amount. Changes in fair value, apart from
interest rates, are reported in other comprehensive income. Interest
is reported in the income statement in either “Interest income” or
“Interest expenses”.
Fair value through profit and loss
Financial assets and liabilities valued at fair value through profit and
loss if they are not to be valued in any of the other categories. These
assets and liabilities are valued at fair value excluding transaction
costs. All changes in value of these items are reported directly in the
income statement in “Net results from financial transactions”. The
financial instruments that are valued at fair value through TF Bank’s
profit and loss comprise derivative instruments held for trading
purposes and shares whose cash flows do not meet the cash flow
criteria.
Recognition and derecognition
Financial assets and financial liabilities are reported in the balance
sheet on the business day, which is the day on which the agreement
is entered into, in addition to financial assets classified as amortised
cost which are reported on the settlement date. Financial assets
are removed from the balance sheet when the right to receive cash
flows from the instrument has expired or has been transferred and
the Bank has transferred virtually all risks and benefits associated
with ownership to another party. A financial asset and a financial
liability are netting off and reported at the netting amount in the bal-
ance sheet, only when there is a legal right to net off the amounts,
and the intention is there to settle the posts with a net amount or to
simultaneously realise the asset and settle the liability. When a loan
is modified, the Bank makes an assessment of whether the modifi-
cation results in removal from the balance sheet.
A loan is considered to be modified when the terms and conditions
governing cash flows change compared to the original agreement,
for example due to easing of loan terms, changes in market condi-
tions, measures to retain the customer and other factors unrelated
to a borrower’s deteriorating creditworthiness. Modified loans
are removed from the balance sheet and a new loan is reported
either when the existing loan is terminated and a new agreement
is entered into with significantly different terms or if the terms of an
existing agreement are significantly modified. Modifications solely
due to the borrower’s financial difficulties, including the provision
of relief in loan terms, are not considered significant on their own.
Financial liabilities are removed from the balance sheet when the
debt is extinguished by the agreement being fulfilled, cancelled or
terminated.
Impairment of financial assets
TF Bank has a model for calculating loan loss provisions based
on expected loan losses. Expected loan losses are calculated
for each individual credit exposure as the discounted product of
the probability of default (PD), exposure at default (EAD) and loss
given default (LGD). The PD represents the probability that a bor-
rower will default on its obligation. The EAD is an expected expo-
sure at the time of default and the LGD represents the expected
loss on a defaulted exposure, taking into account such factors
as counterparty characteristics and product type. Expected loan
losses are determined by calculating PD, LGD and EAD for each
future month up to and including the end of the expected term of
a credit exposure. These three parameters are multiplied and in
this way the monthly expected loan losses are calculated, which
are then discounted back to the reporting date with the original
loan interest rate and summed up. A summary of the monthly
expected loan losses up to and including the end of the expected
term gives the expected loan losses for the asset’s remaining
term and the sum of the loan losses that are expected to occur
within 12 months gives the expected credit losses for the next 12
months. Furthermore, this is supplemented with risk parameters
that are used to calculate expected loan losses. In cases where
the effect of relevant factors is not captured by risk models, the
Bank uses expert adjustments. In connection with the implemen-
tation of IFRS 9, the Bank performed quantitative analyses of a
number of macroeconomic parameters without finding any given
correlations with the calculation of loan loss provisions.
The financial assets that are subject to impairments are further
divided into three categories based on the risk of default. The first
category includes assets where no significant increase in credit
risk has occurred at the time of reporting, in the second where a
significant increase in credit risk has occurred, i.e. when the asset
is due 30 days or more, and in the third where a loss event has
occurred, i.e. that the credit is due 90 days or more. For assets in
the first category, impairments are reported based on expected
losses over the next twelve months, while for categories two and
three, expected losses are reported over the entire term of the
asset.
Provisions for loans in category 3 are made with the difference
between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of fu-
ture cash flows, discounted at the original effective interest rate.
The expected future cash flow is based on calculations that take
into account historical repayment levels that are applied to each
generation of loan receivables.
The calculation of the lifetime for credit cards and other revolving
credits as well as provisioning of unused credit limits is based
on predictive models about the future limit use and statistical
repayment plans. The models are based on internal historical
Note 2 cont.